IPv4 addresses are formatted in four groups of numbers separated by dots. Due to the massive growth of the internet, IPv6 has been developed, and it uses 128-bit numbers. There are currently two versions of IP addresses. An internet protocol address is used to uniquely identify a computer or device such as printers, storage disks on a computer network. IP Address is the acronym for Internet Protocol address.
Hacking Activity: Configure Static ARP in Windows. What is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Poisoning?. # Process each hex digit from the left (most significant digit)įor hexDigitIdx in range(len(hexStr)): # hexDigitIdx = 0, 1, 2. (C/C++/C#/Java use braces # lookup table for hex to dec # Prompt and read hex string Compound Statements and Indentation: Python uses indentation to indicate body-block. (C/C++/C#/Java's statement ends with a semi-colon ( )) Statements: Python's statement ends with a newline. 
Data Types: Python support these data types: int (integers), float (floating-point numbers), str (String), bool (boolean of True or False), and more. (In C/C++/C#/Java, you need to declare the name and type of a variable before using it.) 
Python associates types with the objects, not the variables, i.e., a variable can hold object of any types. A variables is created via the initial assignment. You do NOT need to declare variables (name and type) before using them.
Variable Type Declaration: Like most of the scripting interpreted languages (such as JavaScript/Perl), Python is dynamically typed. (C/C++/C#/Java use double quotes for string and single quotes for character. 
Python also supports multi-line string, delimited by either triple-single ( '''.''') or triple-double quotes ( """.""").
String: Python's string can be delimited by either single quotes ( '.') or double quotes ( "."). 
(C/C++/C#/Java end-of-line comment begins with '\\'. Python does not support multi-line comments.
Comment: Python's comment begins with a '#' and lasts until the end-of-line. This section is for experienced programmers to look at Python's syntaxes and those who need to refresh their memory. I personally recommend that you learn a traditional general-purpose programming language (such as C/C++/Java) before learning scripting language like Python/JavaScript/Perl/PHP because they are less structure than the traditional languages with many fancy features. This article is NOT meant to be an introduction to programming. I shall assume that you are familiar with some programming languages such as C/C++/Java.
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